{ "title": "CA-108 Sonora Pass versus CA-120 Tioga Road: normalized two-dimensional winding", "computed_at_utc": "2026-10-09T04:07:34.921378+00:00", "source_credit": "Road geometry: OSRM public routing service, © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL). Not traffic or closure data.", "source_urls": [ "https://router.project-osrm.org", "https://project-osrm.org/docs/v5.24.0/api/#route-service", "https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright" ], "method": { "primary": "50m nominal equally spaced arclength stations; smoothed heading at station s is atan2 of vector P(s+50m)-P(s-50m), i.e. a 100m road-chainage chord. Shortened one-sided chord at section endpoints.", "sampling_detail": "For reversal-invariant uniform sampling, n=ceil(length/nominal_spacing); actual interval=length/n, so intervals are equal and at most nominal. Exact 20km cores have exact 25/50/100m intervals.", "turning": "Sum absolute wrapped adjacent heading differences in [-180,180) degrees, then divide by road arclength. Left/right turns both contribute; no raw-vertex or hairpin count.", "local_sharpness_proxy": "For each eligible uniform station, integrate absolute heading change over its centered 200m road window using linearly interpolated cumulative turning. Report P95 and share of overlapping windows with >=45 or >=90 degrees. These are not counts of individual bends, steering-wheel angle, or curvature radius.", "worst_20km": "Within each whole highway corridor, slide a 20km road-arclength window with start every 250m plus the final possible start. Select maximum integrated absolute heading change. Values use whole-corridor smoothed headings, not independently resmoothed window endpoints.", "summit_core": "Exactly 10km of road west and 10km east of each verified OSM mountain_pass node; independently evaluated 20km section.", "projection": "Spherical azimuthal-equidistant, center 38.1N 119.7W, R=6371008.8m. Verified total-length distortion versus haversine <0.01%. Distances are 2-D horizontal road distances, not elevation-adjusted.", "sensitivity": "Recompute at 25/50/100m nominal spacing and 50/100/200m heading chord spans using six paired configurations. Fine OSM digitization noise and small bends are increasingly suppressed by larger chords.", "chord_ratio": "Road length divided by endpoint straight-line distance. Useful context only: endpoint direction/topography strongly affect it; not a bend-frequency count.", "rounding": "Raw JSON retains computational decimals for reproduction; user-facing densities should be rounded to whole degrees/km, distance to 0.1km and ratios to 1 decimal. Additional decimal places are not measurement accuracy." }, "scope_caveats": [ "Equal summit cores are the controlled comparison; whole corridors have DIFFERENT west and east endpoints and unequal lengths. Cold Springs starts farther into the western mountains than Groveland; neither is a same-origin whole-trip comparison.", "US-395 is excluded entirely from both winding corridors. Sonora-to-Bridgeport/Lee Vining straight highway mileage cannot dilute the Sonora bend-density result. All charger parking/access roads are also excluded.", "Groveland→Tioga corridor includes Big Oak Flat Road north of the Tioga junction, not Yosemite Valley. It omits Priest Grade west of Groveland. Cold Springs→Sonora omits all CA-108 road west of Cold Springs.", "These 2-D geometry metrics do not measure grade, lane width, exposure, pavement, visibility, traffic, speed, closures, crash probability, or percentage driving difficulty.", "Unsigned winding on the same road is direction-invariant (tested). Saturday Tioga westbound has the same geometric winding as eastbound; climbing/descending/braking effort may differ.", "OSRM public data is not guaranteed current and may contain mapping errors. The OSM source node snapshot and OSRM geometry snapshot can differ; summit snap and corridor ref checks passed.", "No battery/energy/range conclusion follows; standard-range Model Y pack is unspecified. No current road-opening/weather/chain-control claim is made.", "This is not a timed itinerary and excludes Bridgeport Twin Lakes, scenic pullouts, charging time and hotel access. Existing Google departure-time estimates are independent evidence, not outputs of this calculation." ], "routes": { "sonora": { "summit": { "summit_lonlat": [ -119.6371813, 38.3279273 ], "summit_source": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/86282200", "summit_source_detail": "OSM named mountain_pass=yes node, source=USGS topos; version 11, dated 2026-03-06. Initial lookup used Wikipedia map metadata, then verified/replaced using this summit node.", "stops_lonlat": [ [ -120.056265, 38.162118 ], [ -119.6371813, 38.3279273 ], [ -119.232233, 38.255417 ] ], "stop_names": [ "Cold Springs Tesla", "Verified Sonora Pass", "Bridgeport Tesla (only to force US-395 junction; US-395 excluded)" ] }, "validation": { "osrm_source": { "url": "https://router.project-osrm.org/route/v1/driving/-120.056265,38.162118;-119.6371813,38.3279273;-119.232233,38.255417?overview=full&geometries=geojson&steps=true&continue_straight=true", "retrieved_at_utc": "2026-10-09T04:00:37.022032+00:00", "content_type": "application/json; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "21a614cf4a59c4f44e69f9ca5efc189822208aeff5ec1569112d2f611106483c", "bytes": 182984 }, "osm_summit_source": { "url": "https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/map?bbox=-119.64183333333334,38.32177777777778,-119.62983333333334,38.33377777777778", "retrieved_at_utc": "2026-10-09T04:00:03.804626+00:00", "content_type": "application/xml; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "875063d51667f1372d3f29ad24c8854b16828d0ac626c2fb787792e9ef4fadff", "bytes": 872558 }, "osrm_data_version": null, "coordinate_order": "longitude,latitude", "corridor_start_lonlat": [ -120.056353, 38.161711 ], "corridor_end_lonlat": [ -119.452722, 38.34863 ], "corridor_step_evidence": [ { "name": "State Highway 108", "ref": "CA 108", "length_m": 5161.9 }, { "name": "State Highway 108", "ref": "CA 108", "length_m": 1685.6 }, { "name": "Sonora Pass Highway", "ref": "CA 108", "length_m": 534.7 }, { "name": "State Highway 108", "ref": "CA 108", "length_m": 33558.9 }, { "name": "Sonora Pass Highway", "ref": "CA 108", "length_m": 402.8 }, { "name": "State Highway 108", "ref": "CA 108", "length_m": 5037.8 }, { "name": "Sonora Pass Highway", "ref": "CA 108", "length_m": 17092.4 }, { "name": "", "ref": "CA 108", "length_m": 23697.9 } ], "following_excluded_step": { "name": "", "ref": "US 395" }, "waypoint_snaps": [ { "name": "", "location": [ -120.056384, 38.162197 ], "distance": 13.6242825 }, { "name": "", "location": [ -119.637181, 38.327927 ], "distance": 0 }, { "name": "", "location": [ -119.232018, 38.255387 ], "distance": 19.10568909 } ], "summit_distance_to_geometry_m": 0.014489336160486874, "summit_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 63.43079187278732, "osrm_corridor_length_km": 87.172, "haversine_polyline_length_km": 87.11321056289407, "projection_length_error_percent": 0.00021962228675675988, "raw_geometry_vertices_not_used_as_bend_count": 3107 }, "corridor_label": "CA-108 only: Cold Springs highway access → CA-108/US-395 Sonora Junction", "summit_core_20km": { "length_km": 20.000000000000078, "length_miles": 12.427423844746727, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 4339.5838160065805, "degrees_per_km": 216.97919080032818, "degrees_per_mile": 349.19415883936335, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.451350148916451, "endpoint_chord_km": 13.780272124498472, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 110.14078404555653, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 173.7330798092803, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 36.61616161616162, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 10.353535353535353, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 396, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.87531172069845, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "summit_core_endpoints_lonlat": [ [ -119.71793656088337, 38.320387251666304 ], [ -119.56010191453036, 38.32543211008484 ] ], "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 87.11340188291918, "length_miles": 54.1297583878395, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 12780.877417331403, "degrees_per_km": 146.71539787309607, "degrees_per_mile": 236.11554527467993, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.5375492923783902, "endpoint_chord_km": 56.65730673789716, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 79.08060239793456, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 197.48577717862918, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 19.56271576524741, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 3.6823935558112773, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 1738, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.97900280144531, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 50.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 70.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -12.680791872787319, "end_km_relative_to_summit": 7.319208127212682, "start_lonlat": [ -119.73900027204974, 38.314223555912776 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.58246227799081, 38.3099728838524 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 4735.960055899214, "degrees_per_km": 236.79800279496072, "degrees_per_mile": 381.0894450100533 }, "sampling_and_smoothing_sensitivity": [ { "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "heading_chord_span_m": 50, "summit_core": { "length_km": 20.000000000000078, "length_miles": 12.427423844746727, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 5674.061091424506, "degrees_per_km": 283.7030545712242, "degrees_per_mile": 456.57580865587227, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.451350148916451, "endpoint_chord_km": 13.780272124498472, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 138.82838726002834, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 217.1470418927347, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 50.505050505050505, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 17.803030303030305, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 792, "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "actual_sampling_m": 24.96878901373293, "heading_chord_span_m": 50 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 87.11340188291918, "length_miles": 54.1297583878395, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 15408.749057035142, "degrees_per_km": 176.88149841449854, "degrees_per_mile": 284.66317818438273, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.5375492923783902, "endpoint_chord_km": 56.65730673789716, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 101.68251022206732, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 235.49488115248369, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 26.43843498273878, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 7.048331415420023, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 3476, "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "actual_sampling_m": 24.99667198935988, "heading_chord_span_m": 50 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 49.0, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 69.0, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -14.430791872787319, "end_km_relative_to_summit": 5.569208127212682, "start_lonlat": [ -119.75150199999995, 38.322634813696986 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.59345135198794, 38.308465612411695 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 6091.407420072572, "degrees_per_km": 304.57037100362857, "degrees_per_mile": 490.15849915246366 } }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "heading_chord_span_m": 100, "summit_core": { "length_km": 20.000000000000078, "length_miles": 12.427423844746727, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 4476.254675606428, "degrees_per_km": 223.8127337803205, "degrees_per_mile": 360.1916802329562, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.451350148916451, "endpoint_chord_km": 13.780272124498472, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 112.59161369243962, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 183.0070435719781, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 38.76262626262626, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 11.237373737373737, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 792, "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "actual_sampling_m": 24.96878901373293, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 87.11340188291918, "length_miles": 54.1297583878395, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 13151.368890858126, "degrees_per_km": 150.96837692704997, "degrees_per_mile": 242.9600515972863, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.5375492923783902, "endpoint_chord_km": 56.65730673789716, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 81.85343485076828, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 196.22019220810034, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 20.59838895281933, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 4.0563866513233595, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 3476, "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "actual_sampling_m": 24.99667198935988, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 50.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 70.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -12.680791872787319, "end_km_relative_to_summit": 7.319208127212682, "start_lonlat": [ -119.73900027204974, 38.314223555912776 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.58246227799081, 38.3099728838524 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 4936.829732869231, "degrees_per_km": 246.84148664346154, "degrees_per_mile": 397.25286548073495 } }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "heading_chord_span_m": 100, "summit_core": { "length_km": 20.000000000000078, "length_miles": 12.427423844746727, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 4339.5838160065805, "degrees_per_km": 216.97919080032818, "degrees_per_mile": 349.19415883936335, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.451350148916451, "endpoint_chord_km": 13.780272124498472, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 110.14078404555653, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 173.7330798092803, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 36.61616161616162, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 10.353535353535353, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 396, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.87531172069845, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 87.11340188291918, "length_miles": 54.1297583878395, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 12780.877417331403, "degrees_per_km": 146.71539787309607, "degrees_per_mile": 236.11554527467993, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.5375492923783902, "endpoint_chord_km": 56.65730673789716, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 79.08060239793456, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 197.48577717862918, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 19.56271576524741, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 3.6823935558112773, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 1738, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.97900280144531, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 50.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 70.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -12.680791872787319, "end_km_relative_to_summit": 7.319208127212682, "start_lonlat": [ -119.73900027204974, 38.314223555912776 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.58246227799081, 38.3099728838524 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 4735.960055899214, "degrees_per_km": 236.79800279496072, "degrees_per_mile": 381.0894450100533 } }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "heading_chord_span_m": 100, "summit_core": { "length_km": 20.000000000000078, "length_miles": 12.427423844746727, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 3825.5768078846536, "degrees_per_km": 191.27884039423193, "degrees_per_mile": 307.83345411541484, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.451350148916451, "endpoint_chord_km": 13.780272124498472, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 109.18744550836833, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 154.71100227398995, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 32.82828282828283, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 7.575757575757576, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 198, "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "actual_sampling_m": 99.50248756218943, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 87.11340188291918, "length_miles": 54.1297583878395, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 11634.748240538638, "degrees_per_km": 133.55864871602415, "degrees_per_mile": 214.94180995924117, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.5375492923783902, "endpoint_chord_km": 56.65730673789716, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 79.01242352867838, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 176.86003715664629, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 16.225546605293438, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 2.991944764096663, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 869, "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "actual_sampling_m": 99.90069023270547, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 50.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 70.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -12.680791872787319, "end_km_relative_to_summit": 7.319208127212682, "start_lonlat": [ -119.73900027204974, 38.314223555912776 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.58246227799081, 38.3099728838524 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 4190.977234136948, "degrees_per_km": 209.5488617068474, "degrees_per_mile": 337.23620329474466 } }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "heading_chord_span_m": 200, "summit_core": { "length_km": 20.000000000000078, "length_miles": 12.427423844746727, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 2996.503328510863, "degrees_per_km": 149.82516642554256, "degrees_per_mile": 241.12023263594838, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.451350148916451, "endpoint_chord_km": 13.780272124498472, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 73.77462348755628, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 123.24817100123482, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 20.2020202020202, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 2.525252525252525, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 396, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.87531172069845, "heading_chord_span_m": 200 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 87.11340188291918, "length_miles": 54.1297583878395, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 9983.919639569081, "degrees_per_km": 114.60830852395728, "degrees_per_mile": 184.44419367317948, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.5375492923783902, "endpoint_chord_km": 56.65730673789716, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 64.61113026332109, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 154.44232351412575, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 11.162255466052933, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 1.380897583429229, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 1738, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.97900280144531, "heading_chord_span_m": 200 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 50.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 70.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -12.680791872787319, "end_km_relative_to_summit": 7.319208127212682, "start_lonlat": [ -119.73900027204974, 38.314223555912776 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.58246227799081, 38.3099728838524 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 3383.588711071713, "degrees_per_km": 169.17943555358565, "degrees_per_mile": 272.2679095315498 } }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "heading_chord_span_m": 200, "summit_core": { "length_km": 20.000000000000078, "length_miles": 12.427423844746727, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 2786.5547985245753, "degrees_per_km": 139.32773992622822, "degrees_per_mile": 224.22626228383584, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.451350148916451, "endpoint_chord_km": 13.780272124498472, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 72.35696075981946, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 120.41579503841285, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 19.696969696969695, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 2.0202020202020203, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 198, "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "actual_sampling_m": 99.50248756218943, "heading_chord_span_m": 200 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 87.11340188291918, "length_miles": 54.1297583878395, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 9617.809120925436, "degrees_per_km": 110.40561972142721, "degrees_per_mile": 177.68062166496057, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.5375492923783902, "endpoint_chord_km": 56.65730673789716, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 62.99320000483839, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 153.0690280760018, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 10.701956271576526, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 1.2658227848101267, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 869, "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "actual_sampling_m": 99.90069023270547, "heading_chord_span_m": 200 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 50.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 70.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -12.680791872787319, "end_km_relative_to_summit": 7.319208127212682, "start_lonlat": [ -119.73900027204974, 38.314223555912776 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.58246227799081, 38.3099728838524 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 3212.1814236942237, "degrees_per_km": 160.60907118471118, "degrees_per_mile": 258.47524505668787 } } ], "reverse_direction_total_turn_difference_degrees": 1.255102688446641e-10 }, "tioga": { "summit": { "summit_lonlat": [ -119.257884, 37.9109049 ], "summit_source": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/1343514149", "summit_source_detail": "OSM named mountain_pass=yes node, source=USGS topos; version 6, dated 2022-11-04. Confirmed adjacent to Tioga Pass Yosemite Entrance node 5074813186.", "stops_lonlat": [ [ -120.231923, 37.8386927 ], [ -119.257884, 37.9109049 ], [ -119.232233, 38.255417 ] ], "stop_names": [ "Groveland", "Verified Tioga Pass", "Bridgeport Tesla (only to force US-395 junction; US-395 excluded)" ] }, "validation": { "osrm_source": { "url": "https://router.project-osrm.org/route/v1/driving/-120.231923,37.8386927;-119.257884,37.9109049;-119.232233,38.255417?overview=full&geometries=geojson&steps=true&continue_straight=true", "retrieved_at_utc": "2026-10-09T04:00:38.172123+00:00", "content_type": "application/json; charset=UTF-8", "sha256": "475bd01179db268f71ecb1396d64c40102d4f734f40d9f940ed4caffd2d11cbd", "bytes": 291176 }, "osm_summit_source": { "url": "https://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/map?bbox=-119.26405555555556,37.90511111111111,-119.25205555555556,37.91711111111111", "retrieved_at_utc": "2026-10-09T04:00:06.406321+00:00", "content_type": "application/xml; charset=utf-8", "sha256": "1c853bb5b080ec430a4a7fcc2bdd19a7f16318156e548372988e2d3049f2fed5", "bytes": 1157037 }, "osrm_data_version": null, "coordinate_order": "longitude,latitude", "corridor_start_lonlat": [ -120.231425, 37.838407 ], "corridor_end_lonlat": [ -119.113095, 37.950419 ], "corridor_step_evidence": [ { "name": "Main Street", "ref": "CA 120", "length_m": 37642.1 }, { "name": "Big Oak Flat Road", "ref": null, "length_m": 1080 }, { "name": "Big Oak Flat Road", "ref": null, "length_m": 12516.5 }, { "name": "Tioga Road", "ref": null, "length_m": 74952.9 }, { "name": "", "ref": "CA 120", "length_m": 19366.9 } ], "following_excluded_step": { "name": "", "ref": "US 395" }, "waypoint_snaps": [ { "name": "", "location": [ -120.231984, 37.83876 ], "distance": 9.173019746 }, { "name": "Tioga Road", "location": [ -119.257884, 37.910905 ], "distance": 0 }, { "name": "", "location": [ -119.232018, 38.255387 ], "distance": 19.10568909 } ], "summit_distance_to_geometry_m": 0.000693534320001154, "summit_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 126.09886949960875, "osrm_corridor_length_km": 145.5584, "haversine_polyline_length_km": 145.45243404900023, "projection_length_error_percent": 0.00036349268859314776, "raw_geometry_vertices_not_used_as_bend_count": 4639 }, "corridor_label": "CA-120/Big Oak Flat Road/Tioga Road: Groveland highway access → CA-120/US-395 Lee Vining junction", "summit_core_20km": { "length_km": 19.99999999999983, "length_miles": 12.427423844746572, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 1981.041418869689, "degrees_per_km": 99.0520709434853, "degrees_per_mile": 159.40885606047243, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.3466387999142466, "endpoint_chord_km": 14.851792478631554, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 60.03753562899155, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 85.4128082870202, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 10.1010101010101, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.0, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 396, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.999999999999574, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "summit_core_endpoints_lonlat": [ [ -119.34045609948363, 37.878940889981976 ], [ -119.19633512877914, 37.949021751180084 ] ], "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 145.4529627579634, "length_miles": 90.38028088336824, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 16614.495722034622, "degrees_per_km": 114.22590098547164, "degrees_per_mile": 183.82876839556292, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.4704233284027153, "endpoint_chord_km": 98.91910713628666, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 63.873219285367284, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 124.0097558785701, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 14.182444061962135, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.34423407917383825, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 2905, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.98383599930013, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 36.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 56.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -89.34886949960875, "end_km_relative_to_summit": -69.34886949960875, "start_lonlat": [ -119.87754991887479, 37.8159140210513 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.77425386622677, 37.76113640594233 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 3782.891814495524, "degrees_per_km": 189.1445907247762, "degrees_per_mile": 304.39871221537425 }, "sampling_and_smoothing_sensitivity": [ { "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "heading_chord_span_m": 50, "summit_core": { "length_km": 19.99999999999983, "length_miles": 12.427423844746572, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 2091.4904063090344, "degrees_per_km": 104.57452031545262, "degrees_per_mile": 168.2963768225518, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.3466387999142466, "endpoint_chord_km": 14.851792478631554, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 62.003981462264186, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 86.75227650067109, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 11.616161616161616, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.0, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 792, "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "actual_sampling_m": 24.999999999999787, "heading_chord_span_m": 50 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 145.4529627579634, "length_miles": 90.38028088336824, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 17404.743378052197, "degrees_per_km": 119.65891273740523, "degrees_per_mile": 192.5723532604667, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.4704233284027153, "endpoint_chord_km": 98.91910713628666, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 66.25929332561638, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 139.34953042497455, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 15.9552495697074, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.48192771084337355, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 5810, "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "actual_sampling_m": 24.996212881588484, "heading_chord_span_m": 50 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 36.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 56.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -89.34886949960875, "end_km_relative_to_summit": -69.34886949960875, "start_lonlat": [ -119.87754991887479, 37.8159140210513 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.77425386622677, 37.76113640594233 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 3944.2204722051156, "degrees_per_km": 197.21102361025578, "degrees_per_mile": 317.3803775810235 } }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "heading_chord_span_m": 100, "summit_core": { "length_km": 19.99999999999983, "length_miles": 12.427423844746572, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 1994.4990932521323, "degrees_per_km": 99.72495466260746, "degrees_per_mile": 160.49175743653936, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.3466387999142466, "endpoint_chord_km": 14.851792478631554, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 60.475804178317055, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 85.68867318237426, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 10.1010101010101, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.0, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 792, "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "actual_sampling_m": 24.999999999999787, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 145.4529627579634, "length_miles": 90.38028088336824, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 16769.772640047857, "degrees_per_km": 115.29344141276165, "degrees_per_mile": 185.5468081769795, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.4704233284027153, "endpoint_chord_km": 98.91910713628666, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 63.968511375778945, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 125.37490576632081, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 14.681583476764198, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.3270223752151463, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 5810, "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "actual_sampling_m": 24.996212881588484, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 36.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 56.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -89.34886949960875, "end_km_relative_to_summit": -69.34886949960875, "start_lonlat": [ -119.87754991887479, 37.8159140210513 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.77425386622677, 37.76113640594233 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 3809.4833849638735, "degrees_per_km": 190.47416924819368, "degrees_per_mile": 306.538461434565 } }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "heading_chord_span_m": 100, "summit_core": { "length_km": 19.99999999999983, "length_miles": 12.427423844746572, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 1981.041418869689, "degrees_per_km": 99.0520709434853, "degrees_per_mile": 159.40885606047243, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.3466387999142466, "endpoint_chord_km": 14.851792478631554, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 60.03753562899155, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 85.4128082870202, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 10.1010101010101, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.0, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 396, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.999999999999574, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 145.4529627579634, "length_miles": 90.38028088336824, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 16614.495722034622, "degrees_per_km": 114.22590098547164, "degrees_per_mile": 183.82876839556292, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.4704233284027153, "endpoint_chord_km": 98.91910713628666, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 63.873219285367284, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 124.0097558785701, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 14.182444061962135, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.34423407917383825, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 2905, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.98383599930013, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 36.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 56.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -89.34886949960875, "end_km_relative_to_summit": -69.34886949960875, "start_lonlat": [ -119.87754991887479, 37.8159140210513 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.77425386622677, 37.76113640594233 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 3782.891814495524, "degrees_per_km": 189.1445907247762, "degrees_per_mile": 304.39871221537425 } }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "heading_chord_span_m": 100, "summit_core": { "length_km": 19.99999999999983, "length_miles": 12.427423844746572, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 1909.5993854239557, "degrees_per_km": 95.4799692711986, "degrees_per_mile": 153.66011566678785, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.3466387999142466, "endpoint_chord_km": 14.851792478631554, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 60.16359203466543, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 85.11358394496324, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 8.585858585858585, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.0, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 198, "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "actual_sampling_m": 99.99999999999915, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 145.4529627579634, "length_miles": 90.38028088336824, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 16077.187090904517, "degrees_per_km": 110.53186395149113, "degrees_per_mile": 177.88379205914856, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.4704233284027153, "endpoint_chord_km": 98.91910713628666, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 63.74499461531137, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 100.3589797987297, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 12.672176308539946, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.4132231404958678, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 1452, "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "actual_sampling_m": 99.96767199860027, "heading_chord_span_m": 100 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 36.25, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 56.25, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -89.84886949960875, "end_km_relative_to_summit": -69.84886949960875, "start_lonlat": [ -119.88211014311804, 37.81350258776153 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.76988916922046, 37.75852074287716 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 3707.0782404243537, "degrees_per_km": 185.3539120212177, "degrees_per_mile": 298.29820618787454 } }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "heading_chord_span_m": 200, "summit_core": { "length_km": 19.99999999999983, "length_miles": 12.427423844746572, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 1727.3375853716661, "degrees_per_km": 86.36687926858404, "degrees_per_mile": 138.99401894962014, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.3466387999142466, "endpoint_chord_km": 14.851792478631554, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 53.54566885043337, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 84.95330477346374, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 6.565656565656567, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.0, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 396, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.999999999999574, "heading_chord_span_m": 200 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 145.4529627579634, "length_miles": 90.38028088336824, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 14864.08285248943, "degrees_per_km": 102.19168156253755, "degrees_per_mile": 164.46156957258046, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.4704233284027153, "endpoint_chord_km": 98.91910713628666, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 56.993087957616005, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 102.20207852706426, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 9.741824440619622, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.06884681583476765, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 2905, "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "actual_sampling_m": 49.98383599930013, "heading_chord_span_m": 200 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 36.75, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 56.75, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -89.34886949960875, "end_km_relative_to_summit": -69.34886949960875, "start_lonlat": [ -119.87754991887479, 37.8159140210513 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.77425386622677, 37.76113640594233 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 3376.240193579889, "degrees_per_km": 168.81200967899446, "degrees_per_mile": 271.67659490483163 } }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "heading_chord_span_m": 200, "summit_core": { "length_km": 19.99999999999983, "length_miles": 12.427423844746572, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 1677.0071488190124, "degrees_per_km": 83.85035744095134, "degrees_per_mile": 134.94406964545038, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.3466387999142466, "endpoint_chord_km": 14.851792478631554, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 54.30931365221169, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 84.95330477346374, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 7.07070707070707, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.0, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 198, "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "actual_sampling_m": 99.99999999999915, "heading_chord_span_m": 200 }, "highway_corridor": { "length_km": 145.4529627579634, "length_miles": 90.38028088336824, "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 14532.455974101555, "degrees_per_km": 99.9117219652916, "degrees_per_mile": 160.79233027451028, "length_to_endpoint_chord_ratio": 1.4704233284027153, "endpoint_chord_km": 98.91910713628666, "local_200m_heading_change_p95_degrees": 57.108732458592165, "local_200m_heading_change_max_degrees": 102.20200920525076, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_45deg_percent": 9.573002754820937, "share_of_200m_windows_ge_90deg_percent": 0.06887052341597796, "number_of_overlapping_200m_windows": 1452, "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "actual_sampling_m": 99.96767199860027, "heading_chord_span_m": 200 }, "worst_20km": { "window_length_km": 20.0, "search_start_stride_m": 250, "start_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 36.5, "end_km_from_corridor_west_endpoint": 56.5, "start_km_relative_to_summit": -89.59886949960875, "end_km_relative_to_summit": -69.59886949960875, "start_lonlat": [ -119.87957823146944, 37.81438454223111 ], "end_lonlat": [ -119.77169678690744, 37.76023634640982 ], "absolute_heading_change_degrees": 3315.4570161605902, "degrees_per_km": 165.77285080802952, "degrees_per_mile": 266.78554281079744 } } ], "reverse_direction_total_turn_difference_degrees": 2.1827872842550278e-11 } }, "comparisons": { "summit_core_20km": { "sonora_to_tioga_degrees_per_km": 2.1905568327201035, "sonora_to_tioga_total_turn": 2.190556832720131 }, "highway_corridor": { "sonora_to_tioga_degrees_per_km": 1.2844319598911, "sonora_to_tioga_total_turn": 0.7692606282585535 }, "worst_20km": { "sonora_to_tioga_degrees_per_km": 1.2519417123565795, "sonora_to_tioga_total_turn": 1.2519417123565795 } }, "sensitivity_density_ratios": [ { "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "heading_chord_span_m": 50, "summit_core_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 2.712927142437988, "highway_corridor_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.4782141536140299, "worst_20km_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.5443881656714329 }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 25, "heading_chord_span_m": 100, "summit_core_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 2.244300180807609, "highway_corridor_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.3094272759763377, "worst_20km_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.2959315565871796 }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "heading_chord_span_m": 100, "summit_core_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 2.1905568327201035, "highway_corridor_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.2844319598911, "worst_20km_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.2519417123565795 }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "heading_chord_span_m": 100, "summit_core_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 2.0033399869550537, "highway_corridor_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.2083271189078901, "worst_20km_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.1305337957089359 }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 50, "heading_chord_span_m": 200, "summit_core_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.7347525775432466, "highway_corridor_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.1215033041003557, "worst_20km_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.0021765387148098 }, { "nominal_sampling_m": 100, "heading_chord_span_m": 200, "summit_core_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.6616236850790393, "highway_corridor_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 1.105031697479712, "worst_20km_sonora_to_tioga_density_ratio": 0.9688502695215264 } ], "validation_tests_passed": [ "straight_line_zero_winding", "right_angle_90_degrees", "right_angle_200m_window_captures_90_degrees", "opposite_turns_add_instead_of_cancel", "straight_length_chord_ratio_is_one", "angle_wrap_179_to_minus179_is_2", "angle_wrap_minus179_to179_is_minus2", "semicircle_close_to_180_with_documented_endpoint_smoothing", "projection_roundtrip", "adding_collinear_vertices_does_not_change_winding", "curve_direction_reversal_invariant", "sonora_real_corridor_reversal_invariant", "tioga_real_corridor_reversal_invariant" ], "reproduce": "python3 winding-analysis.py analyze (offline from archived inputs); python3 winding-analysis.py fetch (uses hash/URL-verified cache; new fetch requires relocating/removing owned cache files intentionally). Standard library only." }